Turkey's intercity coaches are a serious long-distance network, and the three journeys bookable here are a fair sample of the distances involved: Bodrum to Fethiye in three and a half hours, Istanbul to Cappadocia in eleven, and Istanbul to Antalya in twelve. On runs of that length an overnight departure saves a hotel night as well as a whole day.
The onboard standard is high and surprises people who expect otherwise — reclining seats with generous legroom, sometimes personal screens, charging outlets, a toilet, and scheduled refreshment stops on the long routes.
The part to plan around is the station, not the bus. Every major Turkish city has one central coach terminal, the Otogar, and it is usually on the outskirts rather than in the centre. In Istanbul, Ankara or Izmir, allow thirty to sixty minutes by metro or taxi to reach it, and more in rush hour. Each company generally has its own counter inside and there may be no central ticket office at all, so book online before you travel rather than planning to buy a ticket on arrival.